ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS DI KABUPATEN LINGGA TAHUN 2025

Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan kebijakan nasional yang bertujuan meningkatkan gizi anak usia sekolah dan mendukung pengembangan sumber daya manusia. Kabupaten Lingga sebagai daerah kepulauan dan wilayah 3T menghadapi tantangan unik dalam implementasi kebijakan ini, terutama terkait distribusi pangan, pengawasan keamanan pangan, dan ketersediaan sumber daya. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitik ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan Program MBG di Kabupaten Lingga Tahun 2025. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 11 informan yang terdiri dari informan kunci (Koordinator Kesling Dinkes PPKB), informan utama (tenaga Kesling, petugas gizi, petugas surveilans, mitra SPPG, dan kepala sekolah), serta informan pendukung (siswa penerima manfaat). Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif berdasarkan teori implementasi kebijakan George C. Edward III yang mencakup variabel komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implementasi Program MBG telah berjalan cukup baik dengan komitmen tinggi para pelaksana dan persepsi positif dari penerima manfaat, namun masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan signifikan. Komunikasi kebijakan berjalan baik namun bidang gizi dan surveilans belum dilibatkan aktif; sumber daya manusia terbatas dengan DFI belum terlibat dan tidak ada anggaran khusus pengawasan; disposisi pelaksana tinggi namun tanpa sistem insentif dan sanksi; struktur birokrasi terkoordinasi baik namun sekolah belum memiliki SOP dan penerapan HACCP belum dilakukan. Kesimpulannya, implementasi kebijakan Program MBG di Kabupaten Lingga Tahun 2025 secara umum berjalan baik namun masih terdapat kelemahan yang perlu segera diatasi, terutama ketiadaan anggaran khusus pengawasan, keterbatasan SDM, ketiadaan SOP di tingkat sekolah, dan belum optimalnya penerapan standar keamanan pangan seperti HACCP. Diperlukan penguatan anggaran, optimalisasi peran seluruh unit teknis, pengembangan SOP sekolah, penerapan sistem insentif dan sanksi, serta peningkatan penerapan HACCP untuk menjamin keberlanjutan dan efektivitas program.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a national policy aimed at improving nutrition for school-age children and supporting human resource development. Lingga Regency, as an archipelagic and 3T (frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged) region, faces unique challenges in implementing this policy, particularly related to food distribution, food safety supervision, and resource availability. This qualitative research with a descriptive analytic approach aims to analyze the implementation of the MBG Program policy in Lingga Regency in 2025. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 informants consisting of key informants (Head of Environmental Health Coordination at the Health Office), main informants (environmental health workers, nutrition officers, surveillance officers, food provider partners, and school principals), and supporting informants (beneficiary students). Data analysis used an interactive model based on George C. Edward III's policy implementation theory which includes variables of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results showed that the implementation of the MBG Program has been running quite well with high commitment from implementers and positive perceptions from beneficiaries, but still faces significant challenges. Policy communication runs well but nutrition and surveillance sectors have not been actively involved; human resources are limited with DFI not yet involved and no specific budget for supervision; implementer disposition is high but without incentive and sanction systems; bureaucratic structure is well-coordinated but schools do not yet have SOPs and HACCP implementation has not been carried out. In conclusion, the implementation of the MBG Program policy in Lingga Regency in 2025 generally runs well but there are still weaknesses that need to be addressed immediately, especially the absence of a specific budget for supervision, limited human resources, absence of SOPs at the school level, and suboptimal implementation of food safety standards such as HACCP. Strengthening the budget, optimizing the role of all technical units, developing school SOPs, implementing incentive and sanction systems, and improving HACCP implementation are needed to ensure program sustainability and effectiveness.