HUBUNGAN ANTARA LEVEL BLOK SPINAL DENGAN POST OPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING (PONV) PADA PASIEN SC DI RS SANTA MARIA PEKANBARU

Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) merupakan kompliasi yang sering terjadi setelah anestesi spinal pada pasien Sectio Caesarea dan dapat memperlambat pemulihan serta meningkatkan risiko komplikasi pascaoperasi. Salah satu factor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PONV adalah level blok spinal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara level blok spinal dengan kejadian Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) pada pasien Sectio Caesarea di RS Santa Maria Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain observasional analitik dan pendekatan retrospektif. Sampel berjumlah 195 responden yang dipilih menggunakan tehnik total sampling berdasarkan data rekam medis pasien Sectio Caesarea dengan anestesi spinal. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Spearman Rank dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berusia 20-35 tahun (77,4%), memiliki level blok spinal T4 (57,9%), dan mengalami PONV (58,5%). Uji Spearman Rank menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara level blok spinal dengan kejadian PONV (p-value < 0,001) dengan koefisien korelasi rs = 0,557, menunjukan kekuatan hubungan sedang dengan arah hubungan positif, yang berarti semakin tinggi level blok spinal maka semakin tinggi kejadian PONV. Disarankan agar tenaga kesehatan melakukan pemantauan level blok spinal dan deteksi dini PONV untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (ponv) is a common complication following spinal anesthesia in pastients undergoing Caesarean section and may delay recovery as well as increase the risk of postoperative somplications. One of the factors associated with the incidence og PONV is the level of spinal block. This study ained to determine the relationship between the level of spinal block and the incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing Caesarean section at Santa Maria Hospital Pekanbaru. This study employed a quantitative method with an analytical observational design using a retrospective appoarch. The sample consisted of 195 respondents selected using a total sampling technique based on the medical records of Caesarean section patients who received spinal anesthesia. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses using the Spearman Rank correlation test with a significance level of α = 0,05. The results showed that the majority of respondents were aged 20-35 years (77,4%), had a T4 spinal block level (57,9%), and experienced PONV (58,5%). The Spearman Rank test revealed a significant relationship between spinal block level and the incidence of PONV (p < 0,001), with a correlation coefficient (rs) of 0,557, indicating a moderate positive correlation, which means that a higher spinal block level was associated with a higher incidence of PONV. It is recommended that healthcare professionals monitor the spinal block level and perform early detection of PONV to improve patient safety.